Leaving Certificate Geography

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      • Ordnance Survey Map skills
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      • Chapter 1 Plate Tectonics
      • Chapter 2 Folding and Faulting
      • Chapter 3 Earthquakes
      • Chapter 4 Volcanoes
      • Chapter 5 The rock cycle
      • Chapter 6 Weathering
      • Chapter 7 The Karst Landscape
      • Chapter 8 Mass Movement
      • Chapter 9 Rivers
      • Chapter 10 Coastal Studies
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        • Plate Tectonics 2
        • Plate Tectonics 3
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        • Rocks
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        • Rock Cycle 2
        • The Rock Cycle 3
        • Rock Landscapes: Limestone
        • Intrusive and Extrusive volcanic landforms
        • Human interaction with the rock cycle
        • Tara Mines case study
      • Folding and Faulting
      • Weathering and Erosion
      • River processes and features
      • Glaciation
      • Coastal Studies >
        • Coastal Studies Ms. Carr
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      • Chapter 22 Concept of a region
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    • Planet and People Regional Chapters >
      • Regional Geography Outline
      • Definition of Regions
      • Ireland: The Greater Dublin Region - Core
      • West of Ireland - Ms. Carr
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      • Core region: Paris Basin
      • European Regions (Core Periphery) >
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    • Folens: Human Elective >
      • Chapter One: Populations
      • Chapter 2 Human development and overpopulation
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      • Chapter 4 Migration
      • Chapter 5 Urban problems
      • Chapter 6 Urban settlement and planning issues
    • Planet and People: Human Elective >
      • Chapter 1: Population Studies >
        • Population test
      • Chapter 2 Overpopulation in Sudan >
        • Overpopulation question
        • Overpopulation and Resources
      • Chapter 3: Migration >
        • Migration Test
        • Student presentations
        • Student Presentations 2
      • Chapter 4 Settlement >
        • Settlement Patterns
        • Student work
        • Student work 2
      • Urban Sprawl-Introduction
      • Chaper 5 Three urban land use models >
        • Chapter 5: Land use change
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      • Chapter 7 Heritage Issues & Environmental Issues
      • Chapter 8 Urban planning strategies in Ireland >
        • Chapter 9 Developing world cities / counter-urbanisation
  • Culture and Identity (Hons)
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    • Case study: Switzerland
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    • Soil erosion - preventative methods
    • Biome: Tropical rainforest
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      • Volcano & Earthquake questions
      • Rock revision
      • River Revision
      • Glaciation Revision
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      • Regional Powerpoints
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      • Sample Answers Outline
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        • Waterfall: River Landform
        • Delta: River Landform
        • Cirques: Glacial landform
        • Drumlin: Glacial landform
        • Cave,Arch,Stack,Stump: Coastal landform
        • Beaches: Coastal landform
        • Isostatic and Eustatic Processes
        • Human control of natural processes
        • Impact of Flood Control
        • Impact of Coastal Management
        • Landform in a Karst landscape
        • Weathering and Erosion
      • Regional: Sample Answers >
        • Regions are areas defined by one or more criteria (two discussed)
        • Agriculture in Irish region influenced by factors
        • Development of agriculture in Mezzo influenced by factors
        • Development of agriculture in Paris Basin influenced by factors
        • Development of secondary activities in a Core Region
        • Industry in The Greater Dublin Area
        • The Gaeltacht
        • Climatic Region: The Cool Temperate Oceanic Climate
        • Tertiary activities in the Paris Basin
        • Two EU policies and their impact
        • EU expansion and the impact on a member state
        • The defining role of Culture (India)
        • Urban Growth : Kolkata, India
        • Growth of an urban area Paris
        • Culture defining a region - India -outline
      • Elective: Sample Answers >
        • Migration
        • Overpopulation
        • Three Urban Models
        • Geoecology: Sample Essays >
          • Soil Formation
          • Characteristics of soil
          • How human activities can accelerate soil erosion
          • Natural processes and soil
          • Tropical rainforest biome
          • Human interaction with a biome
        • Urban problems and solutions
        • Map work: Location of a Town
      • Swapped powerpoints
  • General Information
    • Geography at Leaving Cert level
  • Home
  • Physical Geography
    • Skills (Maps, Photos, Graphs) >
      • Ordnance Survey Map skills
      • Aerial photographs
      • Graph skills
    • Horizons Second Edition >
      • Chapter 1 Plate Tectonics
      • Chapter 2 Folding and Faulting
      • Chapter 3 Earthquakes
      • Chapter 4 Volcanoes
      • Chapter 5 The rock cycle
      • Chapter 6 Weathering
      • Chapter 7 The Karst Landscape
      • Chapter 8 Mass Movement
      • Chapter 9 Rivers
      • Chapter 10 Coastal Studies
    • Planet and People physical chapters >
      • Plate tectonics >
        • Plate Tectonics 2
        • Plate Tectonics 3
      • Rock Formation and Cycle >
        • Rocks
        • Rock types and their formation
        • Rock Cycle
        • Rock Cycle 2
        • The Rock Cycle 3
        • Rock Landscapes: Limestone
        • Intrusive and Extrusive volcanic landforms
        • Human interaction with the rock cycle
        • Tara Mines case study
      • Folding and Faulting
      • Weathering and Erosion
      • River processes and features
      • Glaciation
      • Coastal Studies >
        • Coastal Studies Ms. Carr
  • Regional Geography
    • Horizons Regional Chapters >
      • Chapter 22 Concept of a region
      • Chapter 23 The Western Region
      • Chapter 24 The Greater Dublin Area
      • Chapter 25 The Paris Basin
      • Mezzogiorno: Peripheral European region
      • Subcontinental India
    • Planet and People Regional Chapters >
      • Regional Geography Outline
      • Definition of Regions
      • Ireland: The Greater Dublin Region - Core
      • West of Ireland - Ms. Carr
      • The West of Ireland : Peripheral Region
      • Core region: Paris Basin
      • European Regions (Core Periphery) >
        • Paris Basin: Ms. Carr
        • Mezzogiorno - peripheral region
        • Mezzogiorno: European Peripheral Region
      • Subcontinental Region: India >
        • Introduction
        • India: Powerpoint
        • India: Secondary Activities
        • India: Tertiary Activities
        • India: Ms. Carr
      • EU enlargement
  • Elective: Human Environment
    • Folens: Human Elective >
      • Chapter One: Populations
      • Chapter 2 Human development and overpopulation
      • Chapter 3 The dynamics of settlement
      • Chapter 4 Migration
      • Chapter 5 Urban problems
      • Chapter 6 Urban settlement and planning issues
    • Planet and People: Human Elective >
      • Chapter 1: Population Studies >
        • Population test
      • Chapter 2 Overpopulation in Sudan >
        • Overpopulation question
        • Overpopulation and Resources
      • Chapter 3: Migration >
        • Migration Test
        • Student presentations
        • Student Presentations 2
      • Chapter 4 Settlement >
        • Settlement Patterns
        • Student work
        • Student work 2
      • Urban Sprawl-Introduction
      • Chaper 5 Three urban land use models >
        • Chapter 5: Land use change
      • Chapter 6 Urban problems in developed world cities
      • Chapter 7 Heritage Issues & Environmental Issues
      • Chapter 8 Urban planning strategies in Ireland >
        • Chapter 9 Developing world cities / counter-urbanisation
  • Culture and Identity (Hons)
    • Physical indicators of population
    • Cultural indicators of population
    • Nationality and Nation states
    • Case study: Switzerland
  • Geoecology (Hons)
    • Soils
    • Aridisoils
    • Brown earth soils
    • Latosols - Tropical rainforest soil
    • Soil Formation
    • Soil erosion - human activities
    • Soil erosion - preventative methods
    • Biome: Tropical rainforest
  • Field Investigation
    • 2013 field study
  • Exam and Papers
    • Leaving Cert Exam
    • Honours Paper
    • Ordinary Paper
    • What do I study?
  • Revision Centre
    • Physical Revision >
      • Physical Powerpoints
      • Plate tectonic questions
      • Volcano & Earthquake questions
      • Rock revision
      • River Revision
      • Glaciation Revision
    • Regional Revision >
      • Regional Powerpoints
      • EU expansion revision
      • European Regional Revision
    • Elective Revision >
      • Human Elective Powerpoints
      • Economic short questions (H&O)
    • Geoecology Option >
      • Geoecology Powerpoints
      • Geoecology questions
    • Sample Answers >
      • Sample Answers Outline
      • Physical: Sample Answers >
        • Waterfall: River Landform
        • Delta: River Landform
        • Cirques: Glacial landform
        • Drumlin: Glacial landform
        • Cave,Arch,Stack,Stump: Coastal landform
        • Beaches: Coastal landform
        • Isostatic and Eustatic Processes
        • Human control of natural processes
        • Impact of Flood Control
        • Impact of Coastal Management
        • Landform in a Karst landscape
        • Weathering and Erosion
      • Regional: Sample Answers >
        • Regions are areas defined by one or more criteria (two discussed)
        • Agriculture in Irish region influenced by factors
        • Development of agriculture in Mezzo influenced by factors
        • Development of agriculture in Paris Basin influenced by factors
        • Development of secondary activities in a Core Region
        • Industry in The Greater Dublin Area
        • The Gaeltacht
        • Climatic Region: The Cool Temperate Oceanic Climate
        • Tertiary activities in the Paris Basin
        • Two EU policies and their impact
        • EU expansion and the impact on a member state
        • The defining role of Culture (India)
        • Urban Growth : Kolkata, India
        • Growth of an urban area Paris
        • Culture defining a region - India -outline
      • Elective: Sample Answers >
        • Migration
        • Overpopulation
        • Three Urban Models
        • Geoecology: Sample Essays >
          • Soil Formation
          • Characteristics of soil
          • How human activities can accelerate soil erosion
          • Natural processes and soil
          • Tropical rainforest biome
          • Human interaction with a biome
        • Urban problems and solutions
        • Map work: Location of a Town
      • Swapped powerpoints
  • General Information
    • Geography at Leaving Cert level

Isostatic and Eustatic Movement

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Isostatic and Eustatic Processes

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Describe and explain, using an example which you have studied, how rivers adjust to a change in base level. [30]

 1
Isostatic uplift is the process by which land rises out of the sea due to tectonic activity. It occurs when a great weight is removed from the land, e.g., the melting of an ice cap. 
Eustatic changes are the dropping of sea levels when eater is locked away as ice, and its rising as it melts. 
An example of a river I have studied which has experienced and adjusted to a change in base level is the River Nore Co. Kilkenny
There is evidence that the River Nore has experienced a change in base level as there are knickpoints to be found 150 – 200m above sea level.
A knickpoint occurs when there is a drop in sea level, a river is rejuvenated and vertical erosion begins again. 
It is the point at which the newly eroded profile meets the old profile and is marked by waterfalls 

One may also find several river terraces on the River Nore. With rejuvenation, a river develops a new flood plain at a lower level within the old flood plain. The remnants of the former flood plain are left as steps (terraces). These are called paired river terraces, and if rejuvenation occurs again it can give the river a stepped appearance. 
One may also find a clear example of incised meanders at St. Mullins, Co. Kilkenny on the River Nore, these are deep meanders with steep and narrow sides.

2:
Definition: Isotasy is the vertical movements of the earths crust.  (Think of it as the opposite to plate techtonics which is horizontal movements of plates).  When weight is put on the crust it falls (Isostatic fall).  When weight is taken from the crust it rises (Isostatic Rise)
The last time  there was isostatic movements was at the last ice age.  Vast amounts of ice  were stored on land.  This caused:
1. Sea levels to fall (Water was stored  on land)
2. Crust levels to fall (The weight of the ice pushed it  down)

When the ice age finished the glaciers melted and massive volumes  of water flowed into the sea.
This caused:
1. Sea Levels to Rise (Water  flowed into sea)
2. Land levels to Rise (Weight was released)

There is  much evidence to prove isostatic movements
affected Ireland in the past.
Explain two of the following preferably with diagrams:
1. Knickpoint
2. Raised Terraces
3.  Incised Meanders
4. Raised Beaches/Caves


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